In what scenario is Line of Sight propagation most effective?

Line of Sight (LOS) propagation is most effective over long distances with no obstructions because it relies on the direct path between the transmitter and receiver. When there are no obstacles such as buildings, trees, or terrain features, the signal can travel unobstructed, leading to clearer and stronger communication. This scenario allows for maximum range and reliability in transmission, as the signal can maintain its integrity without interference from physical barriers.

In contrast, densely populated cities, mountainous terrains, and heavily wooded areas often present a range of obstacles that can impede or reflect signals, reducing the effectiveness of LOS communication. Each of these environments contains potential obstructions that can distort or weaken the signal, thus making them less conducive to effective LOS propagation. In summary, the open, unobstructed conditions associated with long-distance communication are ideal for maximizing the efficacy of Line of Sight transmission.